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سیاسی و روابط بین الملل::
بازیگر سیاسی
Despite the battering that the state might have taken since what might be described as its hey-day in the inter-world war period, the state remains the primary site for political activity, the primary political actor and arbiter in internal and external affairs, the determinant of the value of citizenship and the primary, if not ideal location of the contest over notions of political development.
Where such negotiations fails, more active, usually leftist, political actors may be rapidly marginalized, as occurred in post-1986 Philippines and in post-1998 Indonesia.
Of particular transitional note, however, was the role played by military "softliner," Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, first as the leader of the reform faction of the Indonesian military in the early 1990s, following on from dissent towards then President Suharto in 1986-1988) and then as a political actor and finally as president (Kingsbury 2005: Chapters 12-14).
Previous tendencies and tensions remained as the legacy of authoritarianism among at least some of the new (or not so new) political actors.
Progress in political development is thus achieved by formalizing a broader recognition of institutions, increasing the opportun- ity for the introduction of new "institutional" actors, and promoting the polit- ical participation of a wider range of institutional and political actors in ideological and policy debate and decision making.
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